（#welfare #work #home #car #moving）Welfare: (Guide to the System’s Rules and Detailed Criteria)

Detailed rules of the public assistance system

From here, let us check the perspective for each situation related to welfare,
such as "jobs," "moving," and "owning a home."

Although we refer to it broadly as financial hardship,
the living environment differs for each person.

Let us begin with the most standard topic: work.

The Duty to Make Efforts to Find Work

To receive welfare, one of the conditions is that the person makes an effort to find a job.

You cannot receive welfare solely for the reason that you "have no desire to work."

In principle, "if you have the capacity to work, having the intent to work (such as job-seeking activities)"
is the fundamental requirement (duty) for receiving welfare.

If you are in good health and able to work, the intent to seek work and job-hunting activities are required.
Therefore, even if you are physically and mentally healthy and able to work, continuing to receive welfare simply because you "have no desire to work" is, in principle, not permitted.

Under the law, it is not allowed to continue receiving welfare in a state of having "absolutely no desire to work and making no effort despite having the capacity to work."

The requirements and framework of the welfare system are as follows.

Legal Principle: "Utilization of Capacity to Work"

Article 4 of the Public Assistance Act stipulates the "principle of complementarity."

In order to receive assistance, one must utilize everything available for sustaining a livelihood, including owned assets and "usable capacity (capacity to work)."

If it is determined that you have the capacity to work (are able to work),
you must satisfy the following conditions.

If you have the willingness to work and are in a condition where you can work
You are required to make efforts to earn an income using that capacity.
If you are actively seeking employment
If "you have the willingness to work and are conducting job-seeking activities at Hello Work, but cannot find a job,"
you are considered to be utilizing your capacity,
making you eligible for welfare (or eligible to continue receiving benefits).

While having "the ability to work but being unable to find a job" makes you eligible to receive benefits,
having "the capacity to work, but no intention to work or search for a job from the beginning" is judged as not meeting the requirements.

What happens in cases of "having no desire to work (refusing job-seeking activities)"?

If you continuously maintain an attitude of clearly stating "I have no desire to work" or "I will not do any job-seeking activities" during interviews or consultations with the welfare office (meetings with a caseworker),
action will be taken through the following stages.

Guidance and Instructions
The welfare office will issue written or verbal guidance and instructions, such as "Conduct job-seeking activities" or "Go to Hello Work."
Modification, Suspension, or Termination of Welfare
If a state of non-compliance with instructions continues without a valid reason,
there are regulations under which welfare payments may be suspended,
or welfare itself may be terminated (cut off).

When there are underlying reasons behind "having no desire to work"

Even if a person says "I have no desire to work," there are many cases where objective circumstances that prevent them from working are actually hidden underneath.

Even if you feel like you "have no desire to work" or "cannot find the motivation,"
if reasons such as the following are present, rather than forcing you to work,
you can undergo treatment and rebuild your life while receiving welfare.

Mental or physical illness (depression, adjustment disorder, etc.)
Developmental disorders or intellectual difficulties in daily life
Social isolation or employment gaps due to long-term social withdrawal (hikikomori)
Family environment issues such as childcare or family caregiving

Municipal welfare offices
will seek medical diagnoses and professional opinions during interviews
to carefully verify "whether you are truly in a condition where you can work."

Guidance and Instructions During Application and While Receiving Welfare

If you are determined to be in a condition where you can work,
you will receive employment guidance from your caseworker, such as "Go to Hello Work" or "Report your job-seeking activities."

If you continuously refuse employment guidance or fail to demonstrate an intention to work without a legitimate reason (such as illness or uncontrollable circumstances),
your welfare application may be rejected, or even if you are already receiving welfare, your assistance may be suspended or terminated (payment stopped).

The system does not permit a situation where "you have both the ability and opportunity to work, yet completely abandon any intention to work and solely receive benefits."

If you are experiencing a state where "you lack motivation" or "are afraid to work,"
it is possible that this is not mere laziness, but rather caused by mental ill-health or illness.

In that case, it is important to properly discuss the "reasons you cannot work" with a welfare office or a medical institution.

What Does "Willingness to Work" Mean?

"Having the willingness to work"—in other words, an attitude of making an effort to work—is what matters.

In a society with various categories classified as "side jobs,"
how are the criteria for "efforts that count as work" established?

Belonging to a company is not the only definition of work; if you are engaged in an activity that is supposed to generate income, shouldn't that be considered work as well?

Regarding the reason for employment guidance,
the fundamental principle of welfare is to "utilize one's own capabilities to reduce dependence on assistance funds as much as possible."

The reason such a principle exists is that,
the municipal administration, which is usually supposed to be on the "tax-collecting side," becomes the "tax-paying side" when it comes to welfare recipients,
meaning the municipal administration wants to minimize the "taxes paid out."

In short, "we want you to work" means that
if you work and earn an income, a portion of it goes to the municipal administration as tax revenue,
so to speak, making someone else work while collecting the income for themselves.
Their true intent is simply "we want you to work and pay taxes."

Citizens who have paid taxes, even to a small extent, have probably felt it before:
That "feeling of being shaken down" when receiving an "inorganic envelope with a bill stating a mechanical amount."

This time, it is fine to turn around and thrust that same "feeling of being shaken down" right back at the municipal administration.

Getting back to the topic,
what kind of status indicates "making an effort to work"?

This blog you are reading is also a side-business content website.

Since this blog is content on a website, in some cases it can generate income.
Taking media often called "income-generating side businesses" on websites as examples,
let us consider whether or not they count as "work."

Examples of Side Businesses You Can Do on Websites

Affiliate Marketing
By placing corporate product advertisements on blogs or similar platforms, you earn revenue when readers take an action.
Posting Stock Materials
By uploading free materials like illustrations or photos, you earn a few yen every time a user downloads them.
YouTube Videos
Although the hurdle for monetization is high—such as needing 1,000 subscribers and 4,000 public watch hours—if you manage to achieve it, you can generate revenue.

These are easy for anyone to attempt as a side business, and there is a possibility they could generate income.
If there is a chance of making money from these activities, can it be said that you are "working"?

To be sure, if it turns into a stable income, it becomes the "taxes" that the municipal administration seeks,
so that would count as work.

While all of these are considered side businesses capable of generating revenue,
in terms of "whether you can actually obtain the amount needed to live," the probability is extremely low to the point of being unrealistic.

Why Is It Not Recognized as "Work (Employment)"?

Article 4 of the Public Assistance Act stipulates that "those who have the capacity to work must make maximum use of it."

In the welfare system, the "utilization of capacity to work"
does not simply mean "doing some kind of task,"
but rather "engaging in activities that reliably yield income to reduce the welfare assistance funds for oneself (or the household) even by a small amount (= moving toward self-reliance)."

In conclusion,
just like the affiliate marketing example, solely doing "work related to posting stock materials that produces no sales (or does not generate enough income to live on)"
is not recognized as fulfilling the "duty to work (utilization of capacity to work)" under the Public Assistance Act.

It is generally judged by the welfare office (caseworker) to be within the "scope of a hobby" or an "ineffective activity."

Principle: "0 Yen in Revenue" Is Not Considered Employment

The presence of income is essential
While engaging in self-employment or personal business (including affiliate marketing) itself is not prohibited,
"work" in the context of welfare refers to "effective activities to earn living expenses."
Profitability is extremely low and unstable
Posting stock materials like illustrations or photos (such as registering with stock material sites) does not guarantee an immediate income, even after posting.

Even if downloads occur, the income tends to be in units of a few yen to tens of yen based on the download count.
The hurdle for monetization is far too high
YouTube produces absolutely zero income until you reach the monetization criteria (such as 1,000 subscribers and 4,000 public watch hours).

Starting with zero subscribers, it will be judged as an "activity with no guarantee of generating future income."

Not limited to YouTube, affiliate marketing and posting stock materials also carry high hurdles toward effective monetization that could cover living costs.
It will not be recognized without a proven track record
If a state with zero sales continues for an extended period,
the welfare office (caseworker) will judge that you are "not engaging in appropriate employment activities (acts to gain income)."
It cannot support a livelihood
Even if you claim that "you spend most of the daytime creating and posting free stock materials,"
it lacks the effectiveness to earn living expenses.

The welfare office will instruct you to "look for part-time, temporary, or full-time jobs through Hello Work or other employment channels."
It does not lead to a reduction in welfare funds
The principle of welfare is to "utilize one's own capabilities to reduce dependence on assistance funds as much as possible."

Spending time on activities that yield no income at all is considered contrary to the purpose of the system.

Actions Required by the Caseworker

Mandatory Job-Seeking Activities (Employment Search)
You will be required to engage in specific job-seeking activities, such as visiting Hello Work, applying for job openings, and taking interviews for part-time or temporary positions.

Instead of creating and posting stock materials,
you will be instructed to conduct standard job-hunting activities, such as going to Hello Work, applying for job openings, and attending interviews.

Instead of producing YouTube videos,
you will be obligated to conduct standard job-hunting activities, such as visiting Hello Work, applying for job postings, and attending interviews for part-time or temporary work.

It will remain the same no matter how many times you ask.
Allowed as a "Hobby" or "Side Business"
Having hobbies or side businesses is not prohibited.

As long as you properly perform the instructed job-seeking activities (or designated work such as part-time jobs), you are entirely free to create and post stock materials in your spare time.

There is no issue with "creating videos or blog posts during your free time or as a hobby," provided that you properly perform the work decided through your job-seeking activities.

The claim that "I am working because I am doing task-work" through side businesses like affiliate marketing will not hold up.
Risks of Not Following Guidance and Instructions
If you fail to follow employment guidance from the welfare office (instructions to conduct job-seeking activities) without a valid reason,
a written "guidance and instruction" notice will be issued, and in the worst-case scenario, there is a risk that your welfare may be suspended or terminated.

A written "guidance and instruction" notice will be issued.

Ultimately, there is a risk that welfare benefits will be suspended or terminated.

If You Earn Income from a Side Business

Even if you generate an income of just a few dozen to a few thousand yen from a side business, you are strictly obligated to submit an "Income Declaration" to the welfare office.

・Declare in the Month the Transfer or Earnings Occur
You must submit an income declaration form to the welfare office during the month the money enters your designated account, or at the point you exchange points for cash or e-money.

・Handling of Expenses
Regarding whether expenses such as video editing software or equipment costs can be recognized as "necessary expenses," you must confirm with your caseworker in advance.

・Failure to Declare Results in "Fraudulent Receipt"
Please be careful, as failing to declare will be considered "fraudulent receipt" and subject to collection.
If you do not declare because "the amount is small" or "they are just points," and it is discovered through periodic bank account audits, you will be required to repay the funds as a fraudulent receipt.

Doing Side Business Tasks Alone Is Not Enough

These are NOT recognized as "fulfilling the duty to work"
Doing affiliate marketing tasks, but zero sales.

Posting stock materials, but earning only 8 points in a month.

Streaming YouTube videos, but only having 3 channel subscribers.
Job-Seeking Activities Required
If you are judged to have the capacity to work, you need to conduct general job-seeking activities through places like Hello Work.
Consulting on How to Proceed with Future Employment Activities
If it is difficult to work at a regular company due to physical or mental health, do not force yourself to earn a living on your own; see a doctor first.

If you have circumstances such as "it is hard to work at a regular company due to illness or physical condition, and making videos at home is all I can do," do not make the decision on your own.
It is recommended to have a doctor write a medical certificate or consult with your caseworker to consider using services like "Continuous Employment Support (Type A / Type B offices)."

Knowledge of the System You Should Know (Your Rights)

"If you are doing those side businesses, that counts as working."
I wanted to hear that answer, but it seems that is not the case, so
let me at least introduce systems that are advantageous to applicants.

Caseworkers Do Not Have the Authority to Make "Employment Determinations"
Decisions on whether you are capable of working (presence of capacity to work) are determined based on your primary physician's medical certificate and the opinions of the welfare office's contract physician (examining doctor).

A caseworker cannot order you to work based on subjective personal views like "you look healthy" or "it's a waste for someone so young."
Liability if Overexertion Worsens Your Health Condition
If you engage in job-seeking activities under unreasonable guidance and your symptoms worsen, it can be raised as an administrative error in guidance.

You should also consult with your primary physician, stating that "being told to work by the caseworker is causing significant mental burden and worsening symptoms," and have that recorded in your medical chart.

Penalties for Not Conducting Job-Seeking Activities

Even if you do not perform job-seeking activities,
things like having your household furniture or personal belongings forcibly seized will not happen under the law.

There are no penalties such as "confiscation of belongings."

However, if you continuously refuse job-seeking activities (employment support) without a valid reason,
there is a possibility of facing strict measures such as the "suspension or termination (cutting off) of welfare."

The Step-by-Step Process When Not Conducting Job-Seeking Activities

Your welfare will not be cut off all of a sudden;
the process generally moves forward in stages as follows.

Verbal and Written Guidance/Instructions (Article 27 of the Public Assistance Act)
The caseworker will issue guidance and instructions such as,
"Please go to Hello Work for consultation"
or "Please apply for X number of job openings."
Written Instruction (Warning)
If you do not follow verbal instructions, an official "written instruction" with a set deadline will be issued.
Opportunity for Explanation (Hearing)
An interview will be set up to confirm and explain the reasons for being unable to follow instructions (such as worsening health conditions).
Suspension or Termination (Cutting Off) of Welfare
If it is determined that you have continuously refused instructions without a legitimate reason,
assistance payments will be stopped, or welfare itself will be terminated.

When You Have Reasons for Being Unable to Move or Work

If you are in a state where "your health condition is too poor to even think about job seeking" or "it is mentally too difficult to go outside," there is no need to force yourself to engage in job-seeking activities.

In such cases, rather than forcing yourself or neglecting job hunting, it is important to take the following steps:

Consult your primary physician to get a medical certificate
If you submit a doctor's medical certificate or opinion stating "currently unable to work" or "needs to focus on medical treatment" to the welfare office, the instructions for job-seeking activities will stop.

AIUEO
Consult about using services such as Continuous Employment Support (Type A / Type B)
If job hunting at general companies is difficult,
first inform your caseworker that you would like to use disability welfare services as part of your rehabilitation.

Hiding or neglecting the fact that you are "not job seeking" can make you subject to penalties.
Therefore, if you have a reason for being unable to work (such as your health condition), consulting your caseworker or doctor as it is remains the best solution.

Most of the time, a "reason for being unable to move" is an "invisible reason."

Even when obtaining a medical certificate from a doctor, you would want to get it from a physician who understands the "invisible reasons" related to psychological and mental aspects.

Suspension or Termination Due to "Violation of Guidance and Instructions"

The key points to avoid suspension or termination due to "violation of guidance and instructions" regarding welfare boil down to two things:
"do not ignore or neglect the caseworker's instructions," and
"objectively (medically) prove the reason why you cannot comply."

Since the administrative side will only take disciplinary action if you refuse instructions without a legitimate reason,
it is important to respond while keeping the following points in mind.

5 Important Points to Avoid Suspension or Termination

Do Not Ignore or Neglect Contact or Instructions Without Reason
The most dangerous thing to do is cutting off contact or ignoring them because "it's hard to get in touch since I haven't been job hunting."

If you become unreachable, it will be judged that you are "refusing without a legitimate reason," and procedures for violation of instructions (from written instructions to disciplinary action) will move forward.

Even if your situation hasn't progressed, make sure to keep in communication.
If You "Cannot Work or Move," Submit a Medical Certificate from Your Primary Physician
If you cannot engage in job seeking due to poor health or worsening mental health, your verbal explanation alone may be deemed insufficient.

Consult your primary physician about your situation and have them write a medical certificate or opinion letter stating "unable to work" or "restrictions on job-seeking activities are necessary."

Submitting a medical certificate to the welfare office will pause the guidance and instructions for job-seeking activities itself.
Keep Usage History and "Proof" of Job Hunting at Hello Work
If you are conducting job-seeking activities, keep evidence that shows your specific efforts.

"Proof of usage" or "consultation stamps" from Hello Work

Memos of companies applied to or rejection notices
As long as you have even a little proof of activity, you will be regarded as "making efforts in accordance with guidance," and will not be accused of violating instructions.
If a Written "Instruction" Arrives, Immediately Convey Your Reason
When guidance switches from verbal to a "written instruction (an instruction notice delivered on yellow or pink paper, etc.)," it is at the final warning stage.

Take the instructed action within the specified deadline.

Alternatively, submit a "legitimate reason for being unable to execute within the deadline (such as worsening health conditions)" along with a statement of reason or medical certificate.
Always Attend the Opportunity for Explanation (Hearing)
Before a decision on suspension or termination is made,
an "opportunity for explanation (a hearing to listen to your side of why you couldn't comply)" will always be provided.

If you miss this, it will be processed under the assumption that you have no defense.

Honestly and clearly convey the reasons why you couldn't comply, such as health issues or personal circumstances.

If You Feel Anxious About Handling It Alone

If you feel strong pressure when communicating with your caseworker, or if your physical condition makes it difficult to explain yourself properly, you can rely on a third party.

Lawyers or Houterasu (Japan Legal Support Center)
(Consultation with a lawyer familiar with welfare / Request for accompaniment to interviews)

Welfare Support Groups and Civic Organizations
(Accompaniment support for applications and interviews)

When you are troubled by instructions from a caseworker, do not carry the burden alone; please consult your primary physician or external support organizations as early as possible.

Self-Reliance Support Programs During Welfare

During the period of receiving welfare, the national and local governments do not merely disburse money, but also prepare a variety of self-reliance support programs so that recipients can return to society and the workplace.

Self-reliance support does not aim solely at "working full-time right away."
Support tailored to individual health conditions and stages of social reintegration is provided step by step.

Instead of aiming merely to "work and earn an income immediately,"
it is possible to receive comprehensive support according to various stages, such as adjusting health conditions and daily routines, or upskilling.

3 Stages of Support (Target Levels)

In the welfare system, "self-reliance" consists of the following three levels.
You can start from the stage that fits your current condition.

Independence in Daily Life
Aims for a state where you can establish regular lifestyle habits and manage your health (such as hospital visits and medication management).
Independence in Social Life
A stage focused on engaging with the local community and others to prevent social isolation.
This includes participating in volunteer activities or daycare centers.
Economic Independence
A stage aiming to actually work and earn income to graduate from protection (or reduce assistance funds).

Specific Employment and Self-Reliance Support Programs

Tailored to the individual challenges and condition of each recipient, programs such as the following can be utilized in consultation with the welfare office.

Employment and Self-Reliance Promotion Project for Welfare Recipients, etc. (Hello Work Collaboration)
・Target

Those who are in a condition to work and can proceed to job-seeking activities relatively quickly.

・Details

The welfare office and Hello Work collaborate,
and a dedicated navigator (specialized counselor) provides one-on-one employment support.
They offer thorough support including resume writing guidance, interview preparation, accompanied visits, and job development.
Employment Preparation Support Project
・Target

Those who feel "anxious about working right away,"
"have disrupted daily routines,"
or "feel anxious about communication."

・Details

Over a period of generally around one year,
basic capabilities are cultivated through improving lifestyle habits (a regular routine), building a social foundation (practicing greetings and communication),
and gaining work experience through light tasks.
Certified Work Experience Project (Intermediate Employment)
・Target

Those for whom working full-time at a regular company right away is difficult.

・Details

You start with short-hour work tailored to your own pace in a supported work environment (such as NPOs or social welfare corporations).
While performing actual work tasks, you gradually step up toward general employment.
Disability Welfare Services (Employment Transition Support / Continuous Employment Support)
・Target

Those with physical, mental, or developmental disabilities, or those with a primary physician's diagnosis.

・Details

Utilizing the disability welfare system,
you perform vocational training and work activities while attending Employment Transition Support centers or Continuous Employment Support (Type A / Type B) offices.
Household Budget Improvement Support / Lifestyle Habits Support
・Target

Those facing challenges with financial management or maintaining daily life.

・Details

You can receive advice on household budget management (how to keep a household account book, consultation on debt consolidation),
as well as health management advice from public health nurses, registered dietitians, and other specialists.

How to Use Self-Reliance Support and Points to Note

First, Consult Your Assigned Caseworker
If you wish to use a self-reliance support program,
inform your assigned caseworker, "I want to start working," or "I want to start by gaining experience to establish a daily routine."
Creation of an Individual Support Plan
Together with your caseworker and a specialized counselor,
you will start after creating a realistic goal and plan (a self-reliance plan).
Income Earned from Working (Earned Income Deduction)
Income earned through employment programs or other activities must be declared to the welfare office, but not all of the earned income will be deducted from your welfare assistance funds.

There is a system called "earned income deduction," where a certain amount of what you worked for remains in your hands,
so it is designed so that you have more money left over compared to remaining completely without income.

Financial Incentives Associated with Employment (Allowances and Deductions)

Many people worry, "If I work and earn income, won't I lose money because my assistance funds will be reduced by that amount?"
However, mechanisms to support those who work (such as earned income deductions) are in place.

Earned Income Deduction
The entire amount of earned income is not subtracted from assistance funds.
Since a certain amount based on the income level (basic deduction, special deduction, etc.) can be kept in hand,
the mechanism is designed so that the total household income increases by the amount you work.
Employment Incentives (Job Retention Benefits, etc.)
When you secure stable employment or become able to earn a certain level of work income,
there are cases where lump-sum payments or benefits are disbursed.
Recognition of Necessary Expenses
Costs for commuting, as well as purchase costs for clothing and tools necessary for work, may be deducted from income as expenses.
Self-Reliance Benefit for Employment
・Aftercare when leaving assistance (self-reliance prospect allowance, etc.)
When leaving assistance through employment,
a lump-sum benefit (around tens of thousands to over one hundred thousand yen, depending on the period of employment and assistance) accumulated up to that point is disbursed,
which can be used for new life preparation costs.
Collaboration with the Self-Reliance Support System for Persons in Need
・Aftercare when leaving assistance (self-reliance prospect allowance, etc.)
Even after leaving assistance, to prevent falling into distress again due to a sudden drop in income,
you can receive household budget improvement and retention support from self-reliance consultation and support agencies for persons in need.

permissibility of various personal belongings

From here on, these are systems concerning matters other than work.

Your own home, cars needed for transportation, moving, and so on.
And what kind of person is the caseworker who acts as an advisor?

What Happens to Owned Homes?

Among those who may become welfare recipients, some live in their family home, sheltered and cared for.

To receive welfare, do you have to sell assets such as an owned home?

Will you have to sell the house itself?
In that case, how should you live during the period when you have no home?

Just because you own a home does not necessarily mean you cannot receive welfare unless you sell it.
If you meet certain conditions, it is possible to receive welfare while continuing to live in your owned home.

Whether you need to sell (dispose of) your owned home
is judged based on conditions such as "how much real estate value the house has" and "whether there is a remaining mortgage."

Main Conditions for Receiving Benefits While Continuing to Live in an Owned Home

If the following conditions apply,
retaining the property as a dwelling tends to take priority over its asset value (profit from sale), and retention is likely to be allowed.

Currently living in the home and using it as a base for daily life
Unoccupied houses, rental properties, vacation homes, and similar properties not lived in are, as a rule, subject to sale.
The asset value is not exceptionally high
Unless it is a luxurious house in an area with very high land values,
or a high-value property whose sale could easily cover living expenses for the time being,
retention is readily permitted.
Little money remains after sale / The sale efficiency is poor
If the building is old and commands almost no market price upon sale,
or if demolition and sales commission costs exceed the revenue, retention is generally allowed.

Points to Note When a Mortgage Remains

If a mortgage remains on an owned home, receiving assistance as it is, as a rule, difficult.

Reason
Repaying a mortgage from welfare assistance funds (public funds) is not allowed because,
"it would result in helping an individual acquire personal assets (a house) using citizens' taxes."
Exceptional Responses
・When the remaining mortgage balance is extremely small and can be fully paid off in about a few months.

・When deferment of repayment or modification of the repayment amount during assistance reception is made possible through negotiation with the financial institution.

If a considerable amount remains on the mortgage, measures such as selling the home to settle the loan, or temporarily receiving assistance while proceeding with procedures like voluntary sale or foreclosure auction, may become necessary.

Other Considerations (Welfare Unit Price for Persons Requiring Assistance, Loan Systems, etc.)

Reduction or Exemption of Property Tax
When you receive welfare, measures for the reduction or exemption of property tax may be available depending on the municipality.
Real Estate-Collateralized Living Fund (For Households Requiring Protection)
If a household with elderly individuals aged 65 or older owns a home with a certain value,
they may be guided to first utilize a system to borrow money using the home as collateral (a mechanism like a reverse mortgage).

When Uncertain About Decisions

Requirements for the disposition of an owned home are judged individually by each municipality (welfare office) based on factors such as the property's asset value, building age, market rent for rental housing in the area, and household circumstances (presence of elderly or disabled individuals).

Before selling it in advance on your own judgment, it is recommended to first consult the welfare office (welfare section) of your local municipality.

What Happens to Automobiles and Expensive Items?

To receive welfare, are you required to sell automobiles or expensive items (such as precious metals or televisions) on hand?

In particular, automobiles are sometimes essential as a means of transportation depending on the region.

As a rule, you are required to sell (dispose of) "expensive items" that have high asset value and can be sold to cover living expenses.

However, this does not mean you have to sell everything down to home appliances used daily or personal belongings necessary for daily life.
The criteria for judgment are "high asset value (the amount that can be converted into cash)" and
"necessity in daily life or employment."

Specifically, the differences between what needs to be sold and what can be kept are as follows.

Things That, as a Rule, Require Sale (Disposition)

"Pure assets" or "luxury goods" that can cover living expenses for the time being if sold and converted into cash must be disposed of first to cover living expenses.

Precious Metals, Luxury Brand Goods, and High-Value Antiques
Gold, platinum, brand-name bags, and similar items are easy to sell at high prices on the second-hand market and can cover immediate living expenses, so you will be required to dispose of them.

However, items that were expensive at the time of purchase but are now old models with a cash value of only a few thousand yen may be allowed to be kept.
Automobiles and Motorcycles
In addition to the resale value of the vehicle itself, maintenance costs such as insurance fees and taxes cannot be calculated out of welfare assistance funds, making them subject to sale as a rule.

However, exceptions can be made to permit retention if recognized as indispensable for transportation, such as commuting in areas with no public transportation or hospital visits for persons with disabilities.
Stock Certificates, Securities, and Investment Trusts
Because these are financial assets that can be traded on the market and converted into cash immediately, they must be sold to cover living expenses before receiving assistance.

The condition is to cancel all financial assets, including those managed in NISA accounts or specified accounts, and utilize them as cash on hand.
Life Insurance and Educational Endowment Insurance with Surrender Value
Insurance policies that generate a refund (surrender value) upon cancellation are considered savings-type assets, so they must be canceled to cover living expenses.

However, continuation may be permitted in the case of term insurance with almost no surrender value, or if the surrender value is a small amount (around tens of thousands of yen).
Unoccupied Land and Buildings
Real estate with no actual residency, vacation homes, unoccupied houses, and similar properties are considered assets that can be converted into cash through sale or lease, so they must be disposed of.

Exceptions may permit retention if the land is extremely difficult to sell with no market value, or if demolition costs exceed the value.

Things That Do Not Need to Be Sold (Can Be Kept on Hand)

"Items necessary for daily life" or "items that will not fetch much money even if sold" are allowed to be retained.

Home Appliances Necessary for Daily Life
Refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, televisions, air conditioners, etc. (standard household appliances)
Smartphones and Computers
Allowed to be retained because they are necessary as a means of communication, job hunting (employment support), children's education, etc.
(However, you may be required to dispose of them if you have multiple units or if they are extremely expensive, latest-model devices).
Outdated Furniture, Daily Necessities, and Clothing
Worn-out clothes can feel comfortable to wear, though.
In any case, they have almost no asset value.
Items with Almost Zero Resale Value on the Second-Hand Market
Even if they were expensive at the time of purchase,
items that fetch no price on the second-hand market and where the hassle and fees for selling and shipping would cost more are not subject to disposition.

Exceptions Regarding Automobile Ownership

Although automobiles are as a rule subject to sale, retention may be allowed exceptionally under circumstances such as the following.

・When public transportation is scarce and a car is essential for commuting or hospital visits

・When a disability is present and a car is required for hospital visits or transportation

While automobiles are as a rule subject to disposition (sale),
retention is permitted if there are exceptional circumstances where it is recognized that "living or becoming self-reliant is simply impossible without a car."

Main Conditions for Exceptional Automobile Ownership

The conditions are that one of the following requirements is met,
along with "the car having low asset value (generally around tens of thousands to over one hundred thousand yen in the second-hand market)" and
"the ability to cover or support maintenance costs (gasoline, insurance, vehicle inspection fees, etc.)."

Travel, Commuting, or Hospital Visits in Areas Where Using Public Transportation Is Extremely Difficult
Living in underpopulated or mountainous areas where buses or trains run only a few times a day,
or working late-night/early-morning shifts when public transportation is not running,
making travel for work or medical visits impossible without a car.
Hospital Visits, Schooling, or Commuting for Persons (Children) with Disabilities
When the person or a cohabiting family member has a physical or mental disability that makes traveling by train or bus difficult, and a car is essential for regular hospital visits or attending school.

Following operational revisions by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, cars whose ownership is permitted for hospital visits or commuting are now also allowed to be used for daily necessities like shopping.
When a Car Is Required for Work (Self-Employed, Sales, etc.)
When it is judged that even after deducting car maintenance costs, sufficient income from employment is obtained to contribute to self-reliance.
Temporary Retention of Disposition (Job Seeking, Temporary Leave of Absence, etc.)
When currently unemployed, but re-employment is expected in the near future in an area where a car is essential for commuting.
(Retention of disposition may be allowed with a time limit of about 6 months to 1 year).

Advice to Keep in Mind Before Applying

Do Not Dispose of or Hide Items on Your Own Judgment
It is dangerous to assume that "you cannot apply if you have a car" and sell it cheap or hide it before applying.
If discovered later, it will lead to trouble, such as being asked to repay assistance funds.
How to Pay for "Maintenance Costs"
Even if a car is allowed, maintenance costs (such as voluntary insurance or vehicle inspection fees) are not specially added or disbursed on top of assistance funds.

(Except when partially deducted as expenses for business use or specific self-reliance support expenses)

Things will go more smoothly if you can show a plan to pay maintenance costs within the scope of your assistance funds or through aid from relatives.

Points to Note Before Applying

There is no need to forcibly dispose of your belongings under the assumption that "you cannot even apply unless you sell everything at home."

Whether your belongings are subject to sale will be checked and judged individually during the application interview (investigation at the welfare office).
Before selling things off based on your own judgment, it is recommended to first consult at the welfare office counter regarding "what you have on hand and what can be kept."

Flee by moving house or running away from home

What Is Applying for Welfare in a "Runaway" Destination After Moving?

Although the heading mentions moving to a new place... there are situations where you cannot afford to be that calm.

In highly urgent situations where you have no preparation at all, but want to escape from this area right now,
or simply do not want to stay in such a place,
you might escape from that location using the immediate means of "running away from home."

Regardless of the destination, can you suddenly apply for welfare in a new area after moving or fleeing there as if on impulse?

Yes, it is possible.

Even if you have moved your living location due to running away from home or other reasons,
and are staying in an area different from your official resident registration,
you can apply for welfare at the welfare office of the place where you currently are (your current location).

Here is an explanation of how the system works and key points to know when applying.

Why Can You Apply at Your New Location? (Principle of Current Location)

Article 19 of the Public Assistance Act stipulates the principle known as the "Principle of Current Location."

The location of your resident registration does not matter
Even if your resident registration remains at your family home or former residence prior to moving, it does not affect whether you can apply.
The municipality where you currently are will respond
Whether on the street, at an internet cafe, temporary lodging, or an acquaintance's house,
the "welfare office (the department in charge at the city hall or ward office)" with jurisdiction over the area where you are currently staying bears the obligation to respond.

If you are turned away at the counter with statements like "Go back to the original area with your resident registration and apply,"
that is a misunderstanding of the system (so-called counter-blocking tactics, etc.), so
it is possible to state, "I am applying based on the principle of current location under the law."

What Happens to Housing and Living After Applying?

Having no home (fixed address) at the time of application is not a problem, but an "address" becomes necessary to rebuild your life while receiving welfare.

Counter for Applications
The welfare office of the municipality where you are currently staying (such as the social welfare division of a city/ward office or town/village hall) serves as the counter.

Even if you are moving around internet cafes, hotels, or acquaintances' houses and have no fixed address, you can apply at the welfare office of your "current location."
Securing Temporary Lodging
If you apply without a fixed address,
it is common to first receive guidance toward temporary lodging facilities affiliated with the municipality (such as shelters or low-cost/free lodgings) and search for an apartment while staying there.
Signing an Apartment Lease
After welfare is approved, you will proceed with procedures to rent a standard apartment and start living on your own using the disbursed "housing assistance (security deposit and rent)."

Concerns and Measures Specific to "Running Away"

Will Your Family (Parents' Home, etc.) Be Contacted (Support Inquiry)?
When you apply for welfare,
as a rule, a notice asking "Can you provide support?" (support inquiry) is sent to relatives such as parents and siblings.
Domestic Violence (DV), Abuse, and Severe Relationship Severance [Measures/Exceptions]
If there are special circumstances such as DV (violence) within the home, abuse, or severe relationship severance, and
"there is personal danger if the family is contacted / you do not want them to be contacted,"
you can refuse or withhold the support inquiry.

In the application interview,
clearly communicate to the caseworker: "The circumstances that led to running away," "The reason for not wanting them contacted,"
"The danger of your location being exposed if the family is contacted," and "Escaping from DV or abuse."
Ensuring Personal Safety
If there is a threat of being pursued or harmed by family members,
consulting with the police as well (creating consultation records for DV, stalking, abuse, etc.)
will make it easier for the welfare office to take safety precautions (blocking contact).

Next Actions to Take

If your situation is highly urgent, such as running out of money, go immediately to the welfare department desk at the municipal office (Welfare Office) of your current location without hesitation.

If you feel anxious about talking at the desk alone, it is also very effective to consult in advance with Japan Legal Support Center (Houterasu), NPOs supporting people in financial distress, or lawyers, and have them accompany you for the application.

In conclusion,
even if you have moved to a different area after effectively running away from home, applying for welfare in the municipality you moved to is
"possible" under the system.

Under the welfare law, the right to apply is guaranteed by law,
and even if you have no fixed address, there is a fundamental principle (principle of current location) that the welfare office having jurisdiction over your "current location" (where you actually are right now) must accept your application.

Measures Against Turn-Away Tactics

Depending on the welfare office, in rare cases, they may respond by attempting to refuse the application, saying things like "Go back to your hometown" or "Come back after you decide on a place to live" (so-called turn-away tactics).

However, legally, they cannot reject an application simply because you do not have a fixed address.

If you have any concerns, it is very reliable to consult in advance with support organizations (such as NPOs) in the area you moved to, Japan Legal Support Center (lawyers), or consultation counters at social welfare councils, and have them accompany you for the application.

It is possible and effective to state: "I am applying based on the legal principle of current location."

Helpful Items to Bring When Applying

Even without these, the application itself is possible, but having them makes the procedure smoother.

・Identification documents (My Number Card, driver's license, health insurance card, etc.)

・Money on hand (they will check how much remaining funds you have)

・Bankbook or smartphone bank account screen (if you have one)

If you are struggling with living expenses or housing,
do not hesitate to consult the welfare office of your current area or NPO organizations providing support for people in need as early as possible.

If Your Caseworker's Personality is Problematic

What kind of person your assigned caseworker is is extremely important, as they will also serve as your advisor.

If the attitude at the welfare consultation desk or of your assigned caseworker is arrogant, intimidating, or overbearing, you will likely experience severe stress and discomfort.

Welfare is a legitimate right of the public,
and caseworkers have a duty to conduct their work based on laws and appropriate treatment.
If you experience abusive language or overbearing treatment, you do not need to suffer in silence.
Here is a summary of specific actions you can take.

Direct Complaints and Reports You Can Make at the Counter or During Consultations

Request a Change of Caseworker
You can request a "change of caseworker" by contacting the Welfare Office's "Inspection Supervisor (the caseworker's boss/leader)" or "Welfare Office Director (section chief/assistant section chief level)" and reporting specific attitudes, words, and actions.
Due to staff shortages and other reasons, a change is not guaranteed,
but in many cases, filing a complaint with a supervisor leads to improvements in attitude or special consideration.
"Record/Audio-Record" Conversations
Keep detailed notes of the meeting content (date and time, caseworker's name, exact words spoken) or use your smartphone's recording function to record the conversation.
Recording itself is not illegal.
It prevents "he said, she said" disputes and serves as a strong deterrent against overbearing behavior.
Bring an "Accompanying Person" Instead of Going Alone
Welfare offices tend to take an aggressive stance when recipients or applicants "come alone."
Having a friend, relative, staff member from an assistance organization for people in need, or a lawyer accompany you often completely changes their attitude.
The Local Government's "Complaint/Opinion Desk (Voice of Citizens, Inspectorate Division, etc.)"
This is a method of sending a letter or making a phone call to a department separate from the Welfare Office, such as the Public Relations Division or the Inspectorate Division within the city hall, stating that you experienced "inappropriate treatment or unfair handling."
This makes it easier for guidance to be issued as an issue affecting the entire local government office.
Prefectural "Welfare Section in Charge"
Report your complaint to the "Prefectural Office's Welfare Division (Welfare Guidance Section, etc.)," which serves as the higher supervisory agency for municipal Welfare Offices.
In some cases, guidance or an inquiry will be issued from the prefecture to the relevant Welfare Office.
Support Organizations and Lawyers Working on Welfare Issues
If you consult Japan Legal Support Center (Houterasu), the "National Conference on Welfare Issues,"
or local NPOs supporting people in need,
they can act on your behalf or advise you on filing appropriate protests or requesting a change of caseworker regarding malicious caseworkers.

Points to Keep in Mind When Communicating

Rather than emotionally stating that "their attitude is bad,"
it is important to objectively explain "what specific statements or actions were made, and how they are causing you trouble."

Example of What to Say

"During the interview on [Month/Day], Caseworker [Name] made intimidating remarks such as '[Statement],' which caused me severe mental distress.
Since this makes it difficult for me to have proper consultations necessary for the procedures,
I kindly request a change in caseworker, or that a supervisor (instructor) be present."

Please do not try to bear everything alone;
make sure to reach out to supervisors, external support desks, or lawyers for help.

The principle in welfare to "first make use of other available systems"

Welfare includes the principle to "first make use of other available systems (such as pensions)."

In the Welfare Act, this principle is referred to as
the "principle of priority of other laws" or the "principle of complementarity,"
which is a rule stating that "if there are other public systems or allowances you qualify for, you must first secure funds or reduce costs through them, and welfare will only supplement whatever remaining amount is still lacking."

Here are representative examples of systems and allowances that you are specifically expected to utilize or make use of beforehand.

Representative examples of systems that can be utilized in advance

Public Pensions and Benefits (Cash Income)
If there are benefits or pensions you can receive, you must apply for them prior to or at the same time as applying for welfare.
・Public Pensions(Old-Age Pension, Disability Pension, Survivor's Pension)
・Child Allowance / Child Rearing Allowance(Allowances for single-parent families, etc.)
・Special Disability Allowance / Welfare Allowance for Children with Disabilities(Allowances for individuals with severe disabilities)
・Injury and Sickness Allowance(Benefits provided when taking time off work due to illness or injury while enrolled in an employer's health insurance)
Labor and Employment-Related Systems
These systems are used if you have work experience, or when engaging in job-seeking activities or taking a leave of absence.
・Employment Insurance(Unemployment benefits / Unemployment insurance): (If eligible after leaving a job)
・Workers' Accident Compensation Insurance:(When taking time off work due to work-related or commuting injuries/illnesses)
・Leave Compensation Support and Relief Grant:(Benefits provided when forced to take leave due to company reasons)
Self-Reliance Support and Loan Systems
These are loan and employment support systems for individuals in financial distress.
・Social Welfare Loan Scheme:
Low-interest or interest-free loan systems provided by Social Welfare Councils (such as General Support Funds and Emergency Small Loans)
・Housing Security Benefit:
A system that provides an amount equivalent to rent to individuals at risk of losing their housing due to job loss, etc.
・Job Seeker Support System:
A system that allows you to receive a benefit of 100,000 yen per month while undergoing vocational training (vocational training with benefit support).
Burden Reduction Systems for Medical and Long-Term Care (Discounts / Reductions)
To reduce the amount paid from welfare expenses (medical assistance and long-term care assistance),
public medical and long-term care systems are applied first.
・Medical Care for Services and Supports for Persons with Disabilities:
A system that reduces out-of-pocket medical expenses for outpatient psychiatric care, artificial dialysis, medical care for children with disabilities, etc.
・High-Cost Medical Expense Benefit System:
A system through which medical costs exceeding a specified cap are refunded when medical expenses become high.
・Long-Term Care Insurance:
For individuals aged 65 and older (or aged 40 and older with specified diseases), Long-Term Care Insurance takes priority over welfare long-term care assistance.
・Medical Expense Subsidy System for Intractable Diseases:
Medical expense subsidies for designated intractable diseases.

What should I do about the procedures?

You do not need to research and apply for all of these systems on your own.

When you go to the welfare office (the contact window for welfare) for consultation or application,
a caseworker will review your situation (age, illness, work history, family structure, etc.) and give you specific guidance, such as,
"Please apply for this allowance (or system) first."

If you are in financial distress while your applications are pending,
they will start welfare first
and adjust (deduct) any allowances or benefits received later from your welfare payments.

Calculation of the public assistance amount

Welfare Benefit Amounts

We now know that the welfare amount includes"Living Assistance"and"Housing Assistance."

Most importantly, how much arethe respective amounts?

The "Living Assistance" and "Housing Assistance" discussed so far are organized into an easy-to-understand table.
Furthermore,

We have summarized the mechanisms of "Living Assistance" and "Housing Assistance," which form the core of welfare benefits, along with the standard amounts by region (region category).

Summary of Living Assistance and Housing Assistance

Item	Living Assistance	Housing Assistance
Main Coverage	Food, clothing, daily necessities, utilities, communication expenses, etc.	Monthly rent for apartments, etc., initial contract fees, etc.
Payment Type	Paid as a fixed standard amount (free choice of how to use)	Paid based on actual expenses incurred up to the upper limit
Features	Amount is determined by age, number of household members, and regional "class designation"	Has regional "limits" based on cost of living and local rental market rates
Points to Note	If you save money, it is possible to put the remaining funds into savings	Management and common area fees are excluded (paid out of Living Assistance)

Comparison List of Standard Amounts across All 6 Region Categories (Classes) [For Single-Person Households]

Welfare standard amounts are subdivided into:
Class 1-1, Class 1-2, Class 2-1, Class 2-2, Class 3-1, and Class 3-2.
We have summarized examples of each region along with the amounts for Living Assistance and Housing Assistance.

Welfare benefits are divided into six categories (class designations) from "Class 1-1" to "Class 3-2" for municipalities nationwide, depending on price levels and wage standards.
They are set higher in urban areas and lower in regional cities, towns, and villages.

Welfare benefits are categorized according to regional cost of living and standards of living. The following figures are estimated benefit amounts for a single person (assuming living alone, in their 20s to 40s).

This is an example of estimated standard amounts for a single-person household (without additional allowances).

Class Designation	Specific Examples of Regions (Examples of City Scale)	Living Assistance (Estimate)	Housing Assistance (Rent Limit)
Class 1-1	23 wards of Tokyo, Yokohama City, Osaka City, Nagoya City, etc. (Metropolitan areas)	Approx. 76,310 yen	53,700 yen
Class 1-2	Hachioji City, Sakai City, Chiba City, Shizuoka City, etc. (Designated cities / Core cities)	Approx. 73,720 yen	53,700 yen
Class 2-1	Utsunomiya City, Toyama City, Kurashiki City, Nagasaki City, etc. (General regional cities)	Approx. 71,460 yen	45,000 yen
Class 2-2	Hakodate City, Akita City, Nankoku City in Kochi Pref., etc. (Medium-sized cities / Suburbs)	Approx. 71,460 yen	38,000– 42,000 yen
Class 3-1	Small cities, Towns and villages with relatively large populations	Approx. 68,430 yen	40,900 yen
Class 3-2	Towns and villages with small populations, Mountainous areas, Depopulated regions	Approx. 67,210 yen	28,000– 35,000 yen

Supplementary Notes and Important Points

When Living in a Parents' Home (Owned Property)
Since there are no rent costs, Housing Assistance is not provided, and only "Living Assistance" will be paid.
About Housing Assistance Standard Amounts
While the standards for Class 1 (53,700 yen), Class 2-1, and Class 3-1 form the nationwide basic framework,
the upper limits for Housing Assistance in places like Class 2-2 and Class 3-2 are slightly subdivided (by a few thousand yen) depending on the actual rental situation of each municipality and prefecture.
Winter Addition (Winter Supplement)
In cold regions (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Hokuriku, etc.), an extra few thousand to over ten thousand yen is added to Living Assistance during the winter period (around October to April) to cover heating costs.

Um... could you havetold me that earlier?

If there's around 40,000 yen in rent subsidy from Housing Assistance,
then what was the point of me paying 25,000 yen for rent on thatslumorcursed ruinof an apartment,
working at afactory with horrible labor conditionsfull-time with overtime, suffering and agonizing through stress!?

The temperature inside the room dropped near sub-zero, the water pipes froze and burst multiple times, and each time I somehow scraped together the money fromminimum wage.
To save on heating costs, I spent that time shivering inside blankets and a sleeping bag—what was all that for!?

If you find yourself in such an obviously abnormal environment,escape immediately. It doesn't matter if you spend all your money; just rush straight to the "welfare office counter."

Then, once you've calmed down, you can bring up the conversation:
"What exactly are Living Assistance and Housing Assistance?"

difference between pension income and living expenses plus taxes

The Difference Between Pension and Welfare

The relationship between pension and welfare is not a matter of choosing one over the other;
rather, the system works so that "you receive your pension and supplement any shortfall (the difference) with welfare."

Basic Formula

The amount disbursed through welfare is determined by the following calculation:

Welfare Benefit Amount (Difference) = Minimum Living Expenses Determined by the Government − Pension Amount Received (Including Other Income)

Pension ＞ Minimum Living Expenses
(When the pension amount is greater than the minimum living expenses)
Welfare is not provided. (Ineligible)
Pension ＜ Minimum Living Expenses (When the pension amount is less than the minimum living expenses)
The missing "difference" is disbursed monthly as welfare benefits.

In addition to old-age pensions, disability pensions and survivor's pensions are all counted as "income."

Specific Example of the Differential Payment

For example, in the case of a single elderly person whose "minimum living expenses"—
that is, the "living assistance/deduction"—determined by their area of residence, age, etc., is 70,000 yen.

Separately, "housing assistance/deduction" is provided for rent. Only actual expenses up to the maximum limit are covered.

Scenario	Pension Amount Received (Monthly)	"Difference" Disbursed from Welfare	Total Amount Received at Hand
Scenario A	0 yen	70,000 yen	70,000 yen
Scenario B	40,000 yen	30,000 yen	70,000 yen
Scenario C	150,000 yen (Employees' Pension, etc.)	0 yen (Ineligible)	150,000 yen

In this way, regardless of the pension amount received,
by combining it with welfare,
the household's total income is always raised to the standard of "minimum living expenses - living assistance (e.g., 70,000 yen)."

Benefits of Receiving the "Difference" (In-Kind Benefits & Exemption/Reduction)

When combining pension and welfare to receive the difference, in addition to cash benefits,
you can receive significant cost reductions (assistance) such as the following:

Free Medical Expenses (Medical Assistance)
Out-of-pocket expenses at hospitals and pharmacies become 0 yen.
Free Long-Term Care Expenses (Long-Term Care Assistance)
Self-pay costs when using long-term care services are waived.
Exemption from NHK Receiving Fees, Municipal Taxes, etc.
The burden of taxes and public service fees is reduced.

Important Points to Consider

Do Not Stop Pension Procedures on Your Own
You cannot decide to "decline pension because I will receive welfare."

Because welfare operates on the principle of "utilizing other available systems (such as pensions) first,"
you must apply for the difference after receiving your pension.
Minimum Living Expenses Vary by Individual
Minimum living expenses are calculated based on your area of residence (Category 1 to Category 3),
age, household size, presence of disability (disability additions, etc.),
and rent (maximum housing assistance limit), so the standard amount differs per person.

If you want to check "whether a difference exists with your pension amount,"
the most reliable way is to prepare your pension payment notice and consult
at your nearest Welfare Office (the welfare department desk at the local municipal office).

If you feel, "I don't like the idea of my tax money becoming your living expenses!"
there is also a way to prevent taxes from being paid to unnecessary places.

Banners are placed at key points throughout this blog.

Please take action through these banners.